The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.